What can occur if a woman is infected with rubella during early pregnancy?

• A. Only a mild respiratory illness
• B. Improved immune system response
• C. Fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome
• D. A new strain of the virus

Answer: (C)

When a woman becomes infected with rubella during early pregnancy, it poses significant risks to the developing fetus, making the occurrence of fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome a critical concern. Congenital rubella syndrome can result in a range of serious birth defects, including heart problems, vision and hearing impairments, and developmental delays. These outcomes arise because the rubella virus can cross the placenta and affect the fetus, particularly during the first trimester when the organs are developing.

The aspects of only experiencing a mild respiratory illness, having an improved immune system response, or generating a new strain of the virus are not associated with the serious implications of rubella infection during pregnancy. While rubella may cause mild symptoms in non-pregnant individuals, its implications during pregnancy are vastly different and far more severe. The significant risk of congenital defects and fetal loss highlights the importance of vaccination and public health measures to prevent rubella infection in pregnant women.